Caitlin,
Unfortunately, the E-2 visa (the language instructor visa) requires the BA, the only way around it is to be married to a Korean or become a naturalized citizen. You would be unable to get the visa required to work here, even if you found an employer to take you. The market here for English teaching is very saturated but job availability and conditions are on the decline, so if you found an employer who would accept you associate's degree, I would question the quality of the employer, because likely the conditions would be terrible and likely illegal.

This is my first post, I am brand new and just recently found out about this website.  I have been scrolling through various job post and have noticed that many say "Requirements: BA Degree or higher (Associate's Degree not accepted).  So, I was wondering: Are there any good jobs in Korea that accept just an Associate's Degree, TEFL certification plus one year of experience?  Any insight would be helpful.